“xU kdpjd; capu; tho;tjw;Ff; fhw;Wk; ntspr;rKk; NghyNt ftpijAk; Njitg;gLfpwJ” vd;ghu; ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f vOj;jhsu; N`hNr khu;j;jp. cz;ikjhd; kdpjd; capu; tho ftpij kpf Kf;fpak;. fiy kpf Kf;fpak;. 

Mjpf;f tu;f;fj;jpd; JNuhfj;ijAk; nfhLikiaAk; ftpijfs; gutyhfg; NgRfpd;wd. fUlf;nfhb vd;Dk; jiyg;Ng njhd;kj;ij> flTs; vd;Dk; td;kj;ij Nfypf;Fs;shf;fp> GjpanjhU njhd;kj;ijf; fl;likf;fpd;wJ. xt;nthU ftpijAk; rkfhy tho;tpd; ,Ug;ig Nfs;tp Nfl;gNjhL> fle;j fhyj;ijAk; Nfs;tp Nfl;fpwJ.

%ypifr; nrbahfTk;> jpUkhypd; nfhbahfTk; fUjg;gLk;  fUlf; nfhb vd;gJ ,f;ftpijj; njhFg;gpd; jiyg;G. fUld; $L fl;b trpj;J tUk; gFjpapy; tsUk; jd;ik cilaJ ,e;jf; nfhb vd;gu;. kiyapd; Mgj;jhd> rupthd gFjpapy; kl;LNk fUld;fs; $L fl;b trpf;Fk;. Rkhu; Kf;fhy; nrd;b kPl;lu; gUkd; cs;s fUlf; nfhb> cUz;il tbtj;jpy; fPiuj; jz;L khjpup fhzg;gLk;. ke;jputhjpfspd; rpy nray;ghLfSf;F ,J ngupa mstpy; gad;gLk;. fUlf; nfhbiag; gf;Ftg;gLj;jp> rpy urhad khw;wq;fs; nra;J ,ij Xu; Mrhkp cl;nfhz;lhy; mtuJ cly; cWjp ngWkhk;. ,j;jifa egu;fspd; clypy; mupthshy; ntl;bdhy;> me;j mupthNs ,uz;L Jz;lhf cile;J tpLkhk;. ,jpy; ,Ue;Nj fUlf; nfhbapd; jd;ikiag; gw;wpa Giditg; Gupe;J nfhs;syhk;.

njhd;kKk; gz;ghLk;

kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gok; ghuk;gupaq;fisf; nfhz;l r%fq;fspy; kf;fs; tho;tpaNyhL njhd;kq;fSk; njhd;kq;Fs;shfg; gz;ghLfSk; fye;J fhzg;gLk;. jkpofk; Nghd;w neba ghuk;gupaj;ijf; nfhz;l r%fj;jpy; njhd;kq;fSk;> njhd;kq; fSf;Fs;shfg; GijAz;L fplf;Fk; gz;ghLk; gilg;Gfspy; ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. njhd;kq;fs;> njhd;kq; fSf;Fs;shf ClhLk; gz;ghL Nghd;wit mjpfhuj;jpw;Fk;> mbikj;jtj;jpw;Fk; gad;gLk; vd;gijNa jkpof> ,e;jpa gz;ghl;L tuyhW ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

,j;njhFg;gpd; jiyg;gpd; %ykhfNt mJTk; njhd;kk; rhu;e;Jk; gz;ghL rhu;e;Jk; kjk; rhu;e;Jk; Goq;Fk; xU thu;j;ijiag; gad;gLj;jpapUg;gJ vd;gJ ftpQupd; njspe;j ghu;itiaAk; mtuJ murpay; nray;ghl;bd; fsj;ijAk;> r%fk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;ba Nghuhl;lj;jpd; fdj;ijAk; fhl;b tpLfpwJ. irt> itzt kjq;fs; ,e;jpar; r%fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa rPu;Fiyit> tho;tpaypy; Vw;gLj;jpa jtwhd mwj;ij> gz;ghl;ilf; fl;Lilf;f my;yJ kWfl;likg;Gr; nra;aNt ,j;njhFg;G Kay;fpwJ. Ra tho;T rhu;e;Jk;> r%f tho;T rhu;e;Jk; ‘mDgtpf;Fk;|> mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kf;fs; tho;tpaiyg; G+lfkhd nkhopapy;> NfypAk; fpz;lYk; fye;j njhdpapy; Ngrpr; nry;fpwJ ,j;njhFg;G.

ftpijapy; ntspg;gLk; ,dg;Nghuhl;lk;

,dg;Nghuhl;lj;ij ,t;tsT mofhfTk; mtkhdkhfTk; jkpo;f;ftpijg; gug;gpy; ahUk; gjpT nra;jjpy;iy vdyhk;. “%Q;rpnaLj;J mtdJ> Fjpiu Kfj;ij mbj;J> nehWf;Ftha; vd epidj;Njd;> ePNah xU Rthurpakhd nfhiy epfo> xj;Jf; nfhz;L> fhy;fisAk; iffisAk; cau;j;jp> ky;yhf;fg;gLj;Jf; nfhz;lha;” (g.7) vd;Dk; tupfs; tuyhw;wpy; njhiye;J Nghd tho;f;ifia> ijupaj;ij gjpT nra;fpwJ. “Msw;w xU $l;lk; Juj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ” (g.7) vd;Dk; tupfs; ,d;Wk; njhlUk; Mjpf;f ntwpapd;> tho;tpd; vjhu;j;jj;ij czu;j;JfpwJ. Msw;w $l;lk; vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ vdpd; tho;tpd; midj;ijAk; Fwpf;fpwJ vdyhk;. Mjpf;f kdg;ghd;ikia mJ njhlu;e;J nray;gLk; jd;ikiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ vdyhk;.

xLf;fg;gl;l tho;tpd; ngUe;Jaiu> mJ njhlu;e;J epfo;j;Jk; td;Kiwia “gpwF mtupd; cUisr; Nrhw;iwAk;> cs;sq;if kzj;ijAk; cz;L> jd;idj; Njw;wpf; nfhz;lJ” (g.8) vd;Dk; tupfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. “xt;nthU eha;fSf;Fk;> cq;fSf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd jiytu;fspd;> ngau;fis itj;Nj> nry;ykhf mioj;J te;jhu;” vd;Dk; tupfs; jiytu;fisAk;> jw;fhy r%fj;ijAk; Nfypf;Fupajhf;fp tpLfpwJ. jiytu;fsJ gpk;gq;fs; ed;wpf;Fupajhfg;> Nghw;WjYf;Fupajhfg; Gidag;gLfpw NghjpYk; mit eha;fSf;F ,l;L toq;fg;gLk; ntWk; ngau;fshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gJ jiytu;fs; gw;wpa gpk;gq;fisf; Fiyj;Jg; Nghl;L fpopj;njwpe;J tpLfpwJ.

vjhu;j;j tho;Tk; ftpijAk;

tho;tpd; Jaiu> ed;wpAzu;it Jauj;NjhL gjpT nra;fpwJ mLj;j ftpij. ed;wpAzu;T vd;gJ eupj;jdk; epuk;gpa kdpju;fshy; Cjhrpdg;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJk;> ed;wpAzu;Nt FLk;g tho;tpw;F vjpuhf ,Uf;fpwNghJk;> ed;wpAzu;Ts;s kdpjd; ed;wpia mWj;njwpAk; Jauk; ,e;j r%fj;jpy; epfo;fpwJ vd;gijAk;> mWj;njwpe;j thNy tUq;fhyj;jpd; tWikia czUk;NghJ JUg;gpbj;j fj;jpahf cUkhWfpwJ vd;gijAk; “ntl;b vwpag;gl;l eha;thy; xU> Jug;gpbj;j fj;jpahff; fple;jJ” (g.9) vd;Dk; tupfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. nghWik> ed;wpAzu;T> gz;ghL vd ,e;jr; r%fk; tiuaWj;Js;s midj;Jk; njhlUk; Jauj;jpd; Kd;dhfj; JUg;gpbj;j fj;jpahff; fplf;fpwJ. mij ahUila fuq;fs; vLf;Fk; vd;gijf; fhyk; jPu;khdpf;Fk;. td;Kiwr; r%fk; jhdhf cUthtjpy;iy. epuhfupg;gpd;> tWikapd;> nfhLikapd; fuq;fNs jPu;khdpf;fpd;wd vd;gij ,f;ftpij mofhff; fhl;b tpLfpd;wJ.

ngUe;nja;t> rpWnja;t topghL

ngUe;nja;t topghL vd;w xU Nfhl;ghl;il cUthf;fp> mjw;F vjpuhfr; rpWnja;t topghL vd;fpw vjpupiz kuigAk; cUthf;fp> nja;tq;fSf;Fs; Ngjk; fw;gpj;j FAf;jpia> flTs; midtUf;Fk; nghJthdtu; vd;fpw ePjpia “Rliykhld;> jd;idNa mbj;Jf; nfhs;ifapy;> cq;fs; KJfpYk; Rspnud tpOe;j> gpuk;gbj;jlq;fspy; xd;W> vd; KJfpYk;> jlk; Guz;L fplf;fpwJ” (g.10)  vd;W Guhzf; fijNahLk; njhlu;GgLj;jp> ePAk; ehDk; xd;Wjhd; vd;W $WtNjhL> “Mz; Fwpia mWj;njwpe;J> Nahdpahf;fpa KiyaoFld;> xUq;fp epw;Fk; cd;kPJ> $Ltpl;L $L gha;ths; me;j> nfhy;ypg;ghit” (g.10) vd;W $Wk;NghJk; ftpQu; xl;Lnkhj;j r%fj;ijAk; Nfypf;Fs;shf;FtNjhL> xU rpwe;j ftpQdhf> ,bj;Jiuf;Fk; Gytdhf ek; fz; Kd;Nd tpupfpwhu;. xd;iw mopj;J xd;iwf; fl;likf;fpwNghJ ftpQd; Nfs;tp Nfl;fpwhd;. mtdhy; kl;LNk ,J rhj;jpakhfpwJ. ,e;Jj;t Nfhl;ghL vjpu;g;ig mopj;Njh my;yJ mutizj;Njh tsu;e;j kjk; vd;gij ,f;ftpijia thrpf;fpw NghJ kwf;fhky; epidtpy; nfhz;L thrpf;fpwNghJ mf;ftpijapd; KO tPupaKk; fz;Kd;Nd tpupfpwJ jpUehTf;furupd; cothug;gil Nghd;W.

njhlUk; rq;fj;J tWik

rq;f ,yf;fpa Mw;Wg;gil E}y;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; Gytu;fspd; tWikia> mjd; njhlu;r;rpia “jdpj;jpUf;Fk; vdJ Fbirapd;> Xiyf; fjTk; jpwe;jpUf;fpwJ” (g.11) vd;Dk; tupfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. ghz; kugpd; njhlu;r;rp ftpijapYk; ftpQupYk; njhlu;fpwJ vd;Dk; cz;ik typia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. gzpaDgtr; #oiy> mJ Vw;gLj;Jk; tho;jypd; epuhfupg;ig> Mjpf;f tu;f;fk; Vw;gLj;Jk; ghjpg;ig “mjpy; xd;wpd; ngau; mjpfhup vd;gjhy;> mbf;fb jiyapy; tpOe;J tpLfpwJ” (g.12) vd;Dk; tupfs; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. NkYk;> “Fbf;Fk; ePupy; FRk;igtpl;L> Mok; ghu;f;Fk; gy;ypfis> eQ;rpDk; nfhbanjd;gu;> rpyu; mij> ek; epoYf;Fs; Cu;e;J EioAk; [e;J vd;gu;> ehNdh mij xU> Ju;kuzj;jpd; mwpFwp vd;fpNwd;” (g.12) vd;W $Wk; ftpQu; ahUila kuzj;jpd; mwpFwp vd;gij thrfdpd; ghu;itf;Nf tpl;L tpLfpwhu;. mij xd;Wk; tpsf;f Ntz;baJkpy;iy. mJ midtUf;Fk; njupe;j xd;Wjhd;. ,e;jr; r%fk;> vij? Vd;?| rf kdpjd; kPJ jpzpf;fpwJ? rf kdpjdpd; ,Ug;ig Vd; epuhfpf;fpwJ? vd;fpw Nfs;tpia Kd;itg;gjpy;iy. mjpfhuk; fl;likj;jpUf;Fk; kdepiy> rf kdpjid epuhfupf;fr; nrhy;fpwJ> ,e;Jg; gz;ghL fl;likj;jpUf;fpw tho;tpay; newp rf kdpjid ntWf;fr; nrhy;fpwJ. mijNajhd; mjpfhu tu;f;fKk; Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.

%jhijaiur; Rke;J jpupAk; ftpij

“ehd; xU Me;ijf; $l;lk;”> ehNdh> %jhij gl;rpfspd; nkhj;j moifAk;> Rke;J jpupfpNwd;” (g.13) vd;Dk; tupfs; %jhijau;fspd; fdTfisr; Rke;J jpupAk; kdpjid milahsg; gLj;Jk; NghJk;> “fyq;fpa nghOjpy;> Ks;Ntypf;Fs;> milgl;Lf;fple;jhd;> jkpo; Gj;jd;” vd;Dk; tupfs; (g.14) mur td;Kiwfis> mJ Vw;gLj;Jk; ghjpg;ig> Gj;jidf; nfhz;Nl NgrpapUg;gJk; mofpay; vjpu;Kuz; vdyhk;. cz;ikfis vjpu;KuNzhL NgRk;NghJ mJ ,d;Dk; mofhfp tpLfpwJ vd;gij ,f;ftpij czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. xU Nfhl;ghL> vg;gb tuyhw;wpy; vjpuhff; fl;likf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij ,f;ftpij czu;j;JfpwJ.

“fzq;fs; NjhWk; ,tu;fs; vd;id> nfhiy nra;fpd;wdu;” vd;Dk; tupfs; kjq;fs; fl;likj;j my;yJ kjq;fisAk; flTisAk; itj;J kdpju;fs; fl;likj;j Nfhl;ghLfshy; nfhiy vd;gJ rhjhuzkhfpg; NghdijAk;> “Fop Njhz;b cl;fhu itj;njd;id> rptg;G kz;zhy; %b tpLfpd;wdu;” (g.15) vd;gijAk;> kpfg; ngupa ghuk;gu;aj;NjhL njhlu;GgLj;jpg; NgRfpwJ ,t;tupfs; vd;gij czu;j;JfpwJ. mfpk;iriag; Nghjpj;j kz;zpy; “nfhiy gw;wpNah> nfhiyf;fhd fhuzk; gw;wpNah> fz;L nfhs;shky; nry;fpd;wdu;” (g.15) vd;W jdJ NtjidNahL> xU gz;ghl;L milahsk; vg;gb mbg;gilthjpfshy; fsq;fg;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ vd;gijr; rkfhy tuyhWfis mwpe;jtu;fSf;Fj; njspthfg; GupAk;.  rkfhy kjr; rlq;Ffis> mJ fl;likj;jpUf;Fk; tho;it> mJ epfo;j;Jk; epwkhw;wq;fisAk;> gpd;njhlUk; mjd; eLeprp Jauq;fisAk; Ngrpr; nry;Yk; ftpij> Ntyd;> KUfd; vd;Dk; FwpaPLfs; gw;wpAk;> kapiy kwe;J NghFk; KUfidg; gw;wpAk; kwjpahfg; Ngrp> jkpo;p r%fj;jpd; kwjpia Qhgfg; gLj;JfpwJ vdyhk;. mur gilfspd; td;Kiwfs;> mJ epfo;j;Jk; cstpay; rhu; gpur;rpidfs;> ghuk;gupaq;fis ,oe;J epw;Fk; tho;f;if vd ftpijj; njhFjpfs; KOikAk; vOjg;glhj tho;tpd; thu;j;ijfs;.

r%fg; Nghuhl;lKk; tho;Tk;

Gul;rp vd;gJ fhyg;Nghf;fpy; vg;gb Mjpf;f tu;f;fj;jpd; mbahshf khwpg; NghfpwJ vd;gij “jhq;fypNy ,Ue;Jnfhz;nlhU> fypad; typNahu;f;F Copak; nra;fpd;whd;> FUj;JNuhfp” (g.25) vd;Dk; tupfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. xU r%fg; Nghuhl;lk; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; vg;gb FUj;JNuhfpfshy; rpd;dhgpd;dkhfpg; NghfpwJ vd;gij “eupad;khu; $b ,iunaLf;fg; Nghf> ez;Lfs; tpul;lf; fz;Nld; rptNd ma;ah” (g.25) vd;Dk; tupfs; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

“mk;khtpw;F tajhfptpl;lJ> Foe;ijg; gUtj;ij vl;btpl;lhs;” (g.27)> “gjwpg; gwe;jd Gzu;r;rp Kbahky;” (g.28) Nghd;w tupfs; KJikiaapd; typfisAk;> Clf muh[fj;ijAk; NgRfpd;wd. ,j;njhFg;G KOtJk; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;Fk; ftpijfs; midj;JNk tho;tpd; ngUe;Jauq;fis> typfis cuf;fr; nrhy;ypr;nrhy;yp myWfpd;wd. Ntrpfspd; tho;T> czTf;flj;jy;> nghUshjhur; rpf;fy;fs; vd ,d;iwa  tho;tpd; midj;ijAk; NgRfpd;wd. rkfhy tho;f;ifia typNahLk;> Nfyp fye;J njhdpNahLk;> jd;dpuf;ff; ftpijfshfTk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. kjq;fs; jq;fs; Ra milahsq;fis ,oe;J xd;Wkw;witahff; fhzg;gLtijAk;> ngUe;nja;t topghl;by; rpWnja;t my;yJ Fynja;t topghLfs; mopf;fg;gLtijAk;> xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; gz;ghl;L milahsq;fs; ngUk;ghd;ik thjq;fshy; mk;kf;fs; jpus; Kd;ghfNt mopf;fg;gLtijAk; ,f;ftpij njhFg;G vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,be;jfiu Nghuhl;lk; Kjw;nfhz;L cyf murpay; tiu ,j;njhFg;gpDs; mile;J fplf;fpwJ. “kiyfs; vq;fs; %jhijau;fs;” (g.43) vd;fpw tup> jw;fhy epfo;Tfis Nehf;FfpwNghJ vt;tsT typikahd tup vd;gij czu;j;JfpwJ. kiyfs; kl;Lky;y ,e;j kz;zpd; midj;JNk vq;fs; %jhijau;fs; vd;gij ,j;njhFg;gpYs;s xt;nthU ftpijAk; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

KbTiu

eha;> Gj;jd;> ngz;> gd;wp> Fjpiu> Mz;FwpaWj;j ngz;. nfhy;ypg;ghit> Rliykhld;> ehapd; thy;> gy;yp vd xt;nthd;Wk; gytw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; FwpaPLfshff; ftpijf;Fs; Fwp nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ftpijf;Fs; kl;Lky;y ekf;Fs;Sk;. ,d;Dk; ,j;njhFg;igg; gw;wpg; Ngr Vuhskha; tp\aq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NjitfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. vd;.b. ,uh[Fkhupd; ftpij njhFjpfSs; kpf Kf;fpakhd xU njhFg;ghf ,J mikfpwJ vdyhk;.

ghHit E}y;fs;

vd;. b. uh[;Fkhu;> fUlf; nfhb> (Kjy; gjpg;G)> ntspaPL ghjurk;> 2152> Ky;iy efu;> 9- MtJ njU> mz;zhefu; Nkw;F> nrd;id> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah> 2013.

m. fh. ngUkhs;> mfpyj;jpul;L> (Kjy; gjpg;G)> fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk;. ehfu;Nfhtpy;> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah> 2014.

mupNfhghyd;> mUs;E}y;> (Kjy; gjpg;G)> jttdk; gjpg;gfk;> Rthkpj;Njhg;G> fd;dpahf;Fkhp khtl;lk;> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah> 2007.

Alborch Bataller, Carmen, ed. Jose Marti: obra y vida, Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, Ediciones Siruela, p.398, 1995.

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