Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;

fhye;NjhWk; jkpo;nkhopapy; gy ,yf;fz E}y;fs; Njhd;wpd. INuhg;gpaj; jkpo; mwpQHfspd; njhlHgpdhYk;> nkhopapay; Nfhl;ghLfspd; tsHr;rpapdhYk; jkpo; ,yf;fz kugpy; ngupa tsHr;rpfSk; Kd;Ndwq;fSk; Vw;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW Njhd;wpa ,yf;fz E}y;fs; mt;tt; fhy tof;FfSf;F ,yf;fzk; mikj;jd. xt;nthU ,yf;fz E}y;fSk; jkf;nfd xt;nthU ghLnghUis ikakhff; nfhz;L mike;jd. ,f;fl;Liu jkpo;  ,yf;fz E}y;fspd; ghLnghUis vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. njhlHe;J Ntw;Wik ,yf;fzk; tiuaWg;gjpy; ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; fhye;NjhWk; Vw;gl;l khw;wj;ij Muha;tjhf mikfpwJ.

fiyr;nrhw;fs;: Ntw;Wik> nrhy;YUG> jfT> NeHr;rp.

Kd;Diu

,yf;fzq;fs; jkpo; nkhopf;Fg; Gjpad my;y. njhy;fhg;gpak; Kjy; mbg;gilj; jkpopyf;fzk; tiuapyhd gy E}y;fs; fhyk; NjhWk; jkpo;nkhopay; Njhd;wpf; nfhz;Nljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. INuhg;gpaj; jkpo; mwpQHfspd; njhlHgpdhYk;>  nkhopapay; Nfhl;ghLfspd; tsHr;rpapdhYk; jkpo; ,yf;fz kugpy; ngupa Kd;Ndw;wq;fSk; tsHr;rpfSk; Kd;Ndwq;fSk; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.  ,t;thW jkpo; nkhopapy; gy ,yf;fzq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;Ff; fhuzk; nkhopapy; Vw;gl;l tsHr;rpepiy MFk;.  xU nkhopapd; gioa tof;Ffs; kiwjYk; Gjpa tof;Ffs; Njhd;WjYk; nkhopaikg;gpd; tsHr;rpiaf; fhl;LfpwJ.  tsHe;J tUk; r%fj;jpy; my;yJ mwpthHe;j kf;fs; toq;Ffpw nkhopapy; nkhopaikg;gpw;Nfw;gg; gy GJg;GJ ,yf;fzq;fs; Njhd;WtJ ,ay;G.  mt;thW Njhd;wpa ,yf;fzq;fSs; ghLnghUs; khw;wj;ijf; Fwpj;J Ma;tJ ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.  tphptQ;rp Kjy; ,yf;fzkhd njhy;fhg;gpak;> ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fzkhd ed;D}y; jw;fhy ,yf;fz E}yhd mbg;gilj; jkpopyf;fzk; Nghd;w E}w;fs; Rl;Lk; Ntw;Wikapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wj;ij ,f;fl;Liu vLj;jpak;GfpwJ.

jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y;fspd; ghLnghUs;

ghLnghUs; vd;gJ xU E}ypd; ikakhf; my;yJ fUthf mikAk; nghUs; vd;gjhFk;.  ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F ,yf;fpak; vt;thW ghLnghUs; khw;wk; ngWfpwNjh mNjg; NghyNt ,yf;fz E}y;fSf;fpilNaAk; ghLnghUs; khw;wk; epfo;e;Js;sd.  ,k;khw;wj;ij

‘fb nrhy; ,y;iy fhyj;Jg; gbNd (njhy; nrh 446)

gioad fopjYk; Gjpad GFjYk;

tOty fhy tifapdhNd  (ed; 4662)

vdj; njhy;fhg;gpaKk; ed;D}Yk; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

njhy;fhg;gpak; jkpopy; fpilf;Fk; Kjy; ,yf;fz E}y;. ,jpy; vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs; Nghd;wit ghLnghUshf fhzg;gLfpwJ.  Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Njhd;wpa xt;nthU ,yf;fz E}y;fSk; njhy;fhg;gpaH xt;nthU ,ay;fspYk; mikj;j fUj;Jf;fis ikakhff; nfhz;Lk; gy Gjpa fUj;Jf;fis ,izj;Jk; jdpj;jdp E}y;fshf tpsq;fpd.  Njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F mLj;J Njhd;wpa tPuNrhopak; Ie;jpyf;fzk; $Wk; Kjy; E}yhFk;.  ,jidj; njhlHe;J te;j ,yf;fz tpsf;fk;> Rthkpehjk;> Kj;J tPhpak; Nghd;w E}y;fs; Ie;jpyf;fpzj;ij vLj;jpak;gpd  njhy;fhg;gpa nra;Aspaiy mbnahw;wp rq;fahg;G> mtpeak;> fhf;ifg; ghbdpak;> ahg;gUq;fy;> ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpifg; Nghd;w E}y;fs; jdp xU ,yf;fzkhf ahg;G E}w;fshf tsHr;rpaile;jd.

tlnkhopr;rhHghy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; mzpapy f;fz Ey;fshf tsHr;rpaile;jd jz;ba yq;fhuk;> re;jpuhNyhfk;> Ftyahde;jk;> Nghd;wit rpwe;j mzpapyf;fz E}y;fshFk;. mfj;jpizapay; Gwj;jpiz apay;> vd;gd jdpj;jdpNa gFf;fg;gbDk; ,tw;wpy; fstpay>; fw;gpay;> nka;g;ghl;bay;> nra;Aspay; vd;gd njhlHGiladthfj; jpfo;e;jd.  ,tw;iw cl;nfhz;L gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,iwadhH fstpaYiu ek;gpafg; nghUs; Nghd;w mfg;nghUspyf;fz E}y;fs; Njhd;wpd.  Gwg;nghUisg; ghLnghUshff; nfhz;L Njhd;wpd.  Gwg;nghUisg; ghLnghUshff; nfhz;L gd;dpU glyk; Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy Nghd;w E}y;fs; Njhd;wpd.  Tlnkhopr; rhHghy; nrhy;ypyf;fzj;ijg; ghLnghUshff; nfhz;L gpuNahf tpNtfk; Nghd;w ,yf;fz E}y;fs; te;jd.  ,t;thW vOj;J> nrhy;> mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz> ahg;G> mzp> Nghd;wtw;iwj; jdpahfg; ghLnghUshff; nfhz;l gy ,yf;fz E}yfs; jkpo; nkhopapy; Njhd;wpd.  kl;Lky;yhJ Ie;jpyf;fz kuG Ngha; Gyik ,yf;fzj;ijf; nfhz;L jz;lghzp Rthkpfs; mWtif ,yf;fzj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhH.  jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y;fs; midj;Jk; xd;Nwh xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l gy ghLnghUs;fisf; nfhz;Nl tpsq;fpd vd;gJ GydhFk;.  mbg;gilj; jkpopyf;fzj;jpy; vk;. V. E/khd; nkhopapay; Nehf;fpYk;> gy nra;jpfis vLj;Jf; $WtNjhL thf;fpa mikg;gpid njhlhpay; Nehf;NfhL mZfpAs;sikAk; ,yf;fzq;fspy; Vw;gl;l ghLnghUs; khw;wj;ij ntspg;gLj;;Jfpd;wd.  Muk;g fhy ,yf;fzq;fs; E}w;gh> ntz;gh Nghd;w gh tiffisf; nfhz;byq;f jw;fhy ,yf;fzE}yhd mbg;gilj; jkpo; ,yf;fzk; ciueilapy; mike;Js;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

Ntw;Wikapy; ghLnghUs; khw;wk;

njhy;fhg;gpaH>

Ntw;Wik jhNk Vnond nkhopg (njhy;. Nrhy;.63)

tpspnfhs; tjd;fz; tpspNahLl;Nl (njhy;. nrhy;.64)

Vd Ntw;Wikfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpg;gplfpwhH.  Kjy; E}w;ghtpy; gpw mwpQHfspd; fUj;jpid vLj;Jf;$wp gpd; jk; fUj;jpid epWTfpwhH.

‘Ntw;Wik nra;td vl;Nl Ntw;Wik’  (ed; 290)

vd ed;D}yhH vl;L Ntw;Wikiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.Ntw;Wik vd;gJ vOtha;f;Fk; nrag;gLnghUSf;Fk;> ,ilNaahd nghUis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LtjhFk;.  jkpopy; ,t;Ntw;Wikapd; vz;zpf;ifia epWTtjpy; fUj;J NtWghL fhzg;gLfpwJ.  ,yf;fzpfs; Ntw;Wikia vl;L vd;W $w nkhopapayhsHfs; %d;whk; Ntw;Wikia ,uz;lhfg; gphpj;J xd;gJ vd;W nfhs;tH. (2007:88) vk;. V E/khd; nkhopapayhH fUj;ij xl;b Ntw;Wik xd;gJ vd;W epWTfpwhH.  njhy;fhg;gpaUk; ed;D}yhUk; Ntw;Wikia vz;zbg;gilapy; Rl;l vk;.v. E/khd; nghUsbg;gilapy; ngaH #l;LfpwhH.  NkYk;> ,tH rpy Ntw;WikfSf;Fr; khw;WUGfisAk; nrhy;YUGfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhH. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; ed;D}ypYk; ,J fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,J gpw;fhy ,yf;fzj;jpy; epfo;e;j ghLnghUs; khw;wj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ vdyhk;.  gpd;tUk; gl;bay; ,yf;fz E}y;fs; Rl;Lk; Ntw;WikiaAk; mjd; cUGfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ.

,yf;fz E}y;fs; fhl;Lk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs;

,g;gl;baiyg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ Ntw;Wikap;d; cUG $Wk; Kiwapy; nghpa khw;wk; epfotpy;iy.  vdpDk; khw;WUG> nrhy;YUG $Wk; Kiwapy; kugpyf;fzq;fspy; ,Ue;J mbg;gilj; jkpopyf;fzk; khWgl;L epw;gijf; fhzyhk;.

Ntw;Wik – nghUs;epiy khw;wk;

Ntw;Wikapd; nghUs; epiyfisr; Rl;Ltjpy; xt;nthU ,yf;fzKk; Kw;wpYk; khWgl;L epw;gijf; fhzyhk;> Kjy; tpsp Ntw;WikfSf;F ,yf;fz E}y;fs; cUGk; nghUSk; Rl;ltpy;iy mbg;gil jkpoyf;fzk; tpspNtw;Wikiaj; jw;fhy nkhopapayhH rpyH Ntw;Wikaff; nfhs;tjpy;iy.  (2007:109) vd;w fUj;ij vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ.

,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikapd; nghUs; epiyfshfj; njhy;fhg;gpaH 28 nghUs; epiyfisr; Rl;LfpwhH. ed;D}yhH Mf;fy;> ePj;jy;> mopj;jy;> xj;jy;> miljy;> cilik vd;w VO nghUs;epiyfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ‘tPl;ilf; fl;bdhd; (Mf;fy;) tPl;il ,bj;jhd; (mopj;jy;) ,t; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfisg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ ,g;nghUs;fs; tpdiapd; nghUNs md;wp Ntw;Wikapd; nghUs; my;y vd;W $wp ,jd; nghUs; epiyiaf; Fwpg;Gilg; ngaH> Fwpg;gpyhg; ngaH vd;W tpsf;FfpwhH.

ehd;fhk; Nt;wWikapd; nghUs; epiyfshfj; njhy;fhg;gpak;> mjw;F tpidAilik Kjyhfr; rpwg;G ,Wjpahfg; gj;Jg; nghUs;fisr; Rl;LfpwhH.  Ed;D}yhH nfhil> mJthjy;> nghUl;L> NeHr;rp> gif> Kiw> jfT vd;w Vopid tpsf;FfpwhH. vk;.V. E/khd; gif> el;G> Kiw ,k;%d;widAk;> NrHj;J cwTg; nghUs; xd;wDs; mlf;FthH. NkYk;> jFjpg;nghUs; (fw;wtHfSf;F moF mlf;fk;.) mJthjy; nghUs; (mf;fh rl;ilf;Fj; Jzp thq;fpdhs;) fhuzg;nghUs; (mk;kh Foe;ijf;Fg; ghy; thq;fpdhs;) vy;iyg; nghUs; (tPl;Lf;F Kd;dhy; khkuk; epw;fpwJ) XH ,lk; Nehf;fp efHjy; (jk;gp tPl;Lf;F Xbdhd;) mDgtg; NgW (gps;isf;Fg; grpf;fpwJ) fhyf; Fwpg;G (MrphpaH %d;W kzpf;F tur;nrhd;dhH) tPjk; tpfpjhrhuk; (E}w;Wf;F vz;gJ) tpidail Mf;fk; (tPl;Lf;F tPL) vd;w gj;J GJg;nghUisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.  ,t;thW ,yf;fz E}y;fs; nrhy;yte;j rpW $WfspYk; $l khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd vd;gij mwpayhk;.

KbTiu

jkpo; nkhopapy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fz E}y;fspYk; fhyk; NjhWk; ghLnghUspy; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;J nfhz;Nljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd.  vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> mzp vd;w xt;nthU $WfspYk; mjd; cl;$WfspYk; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd.  Fwpg;ghf ,yf;fz E}y;fspd; juT xd;whf ,Ug;gpDk; mij tpsf;Fk; KiwapYk; mZFk; KiwapYk; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd vd;gij XusT ,f;fl;Liu tpsf;FfpwJ. Ntw;Wik ,yf;fzk; tiuaWg;gjpy; mjhtJ cUigf; $Wk; KiwapYk; nghUs; epiyfis tiuaWf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; fhye;NjhWk;  ,yf;fz E}y;fSf;F ,ilapNy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ. nkhopapd; tsHr;rpf;F Vw;g ,yf;fzq;fspYk; ghLnghUs; khw;wk; epfo;e;J nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gjpy; vs;ssTk; Iakpy;iy.

Hepsy Rose Mary, A. (2022). jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y;fspy; ghLnghUs; khw;wk;. Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies, 5(3), 33-37.