tuyhw;W Nehf;fpy; Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;

Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; vd;W Njhd;wpaJ vd;W cWjpahff; $WtJ fbdk;. guk;giu guk;giuahf tha;nkhopahfNt ,it tho;e;J tsu;e;J te;jd vd;W $wyhk;. rq;f mf ,yf;fpakhd mfehD}wpy;

“Kfpo; epyhj;jpfo;jUk; %thj;jpq;fs; nghd;Dilj;

jhyp nghd;kfd; xw;wp tUFit ahapd; jUntd; ghy;”

vd;W xU jha; jd; Foe;ijf;F czT+l;l epyhit miog;gjhff; Foe;ijg;ghly; tbtpy; xU ghly; mike;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;. ,NjNghy; njhy;fhg;gpaUk; Foe;ij ,yf;fpaj;ijf; Fwpf;f gprp vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. gprp vd;gJ tpLfij. tpLfijiaf; Foe;ijfs; jhk; tpisahb kfpo;tu;. jkpopy; Vuhskhd tpLfijfs; tha;nkhopahfNt toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,jidf; Foe;ij ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpapd; Kjy; epiy vdyhk;. tpLfijfs; md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu rpWtu; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; xU ,d;wpaikahj $whf mike;J rpWtu;fis kfpo;tpj;J tUtJld; mtu; jk; rpe;jidf;Fk; gapw;rpaspj;J tUfpwJ.

,uz;lhtJ epiyahf ehl;Lg;Gw ghly;fisf; $wyhk;.”iftPrk;kh iftPR filf;Fg; Nghfyhk; iftPR’’ Kjypa ghly;fs; Foe;ijfs; kdjpy; vd;Wk; epiyj;J epw;git. ,jidaLj;J Mj;jpr;#b> nfhd;iwNte;jd;> Kjypa ePjpg; ghly;fs; Njhd;wpd. ,J %d;whk; epiy. ehd;fhk; epiyahff; jw;fhyf; ftpQu;fisAk; mtu;fsJ Foe;ijg; ghly;fisAk; $wyhk;.

nghJthff; Foe;ijg;ghly; vOJNthiu %d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;. Kjy; tifahfg; ngupatu;fSf;Ff; ftpijfs; vOjpg; Gfo;ngw;w gpd; rpWtu;fSf;Fk; ftpijfs; vOjpatu;fisf; $wyhk;. v.fh: ghujpahu;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp> Rj;jhde;j ghujp> thzpjhrd; KjyhNdhu;. ,uz;lhtJ tifahfj; jkpo; gapw;Wtpg;gjidj; njhopyhff; nfhz;l <Lghl;bdhy; jkpo;g;ghlE}w;fis vOjpatu;fisf; $wyhk;.  v.fh : fh. ekr;rptha Kjypahu;> kzpjpUehTf;fuR> kapiy rptKj;J Nghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gpljf;ftuhtu;. %d;whtJ tifahfr; rpWtu; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l <Lghl;bd; %yk; Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; gilj;jdu;.  v.fh: mo ts;spag;gh> Fo fjpNurd;> thz;L khkh> uh. ma;ahrhkp> kjpnahsp MfpNahiuf;  $wyhk;.

kiyahs nkhopapy; Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; vd;w xU jdpg;gpupT 19-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy;jhd; cUtk; ngw;wjhfj; njupatUfpd;wJ. Mq;fpyf;fy;tpapd; Mjpf;fj;jpd; %yk; kiyahs ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Ntfj;jpd; gupzhkkhfNt Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; kiyahsj;jpy; Njhw;wk; fz;lJ vd;fpwhu; gpugy fy;tpahsuhd ,uhkr;re;jpud; ehau;. jkpo; nkhopapy; cs;sJ Nghd;Nw ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; kiyahsj;jpy; fhzf;fpilj;jhYk; mtw;Ws; Foe;ijg;ghlypd; mk;rk; kpff; FiwthfNt cs;sJ. 18-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ,uapk;kd; jk;gp vd;Dk; ftpQu; ghba,

“Xkdj; jpq;fs; fplhNt ey;y G+tpy; tpupQ;r kJNth”

vd;w jhyhl;Lg; ghly; kl;LNk rpwg;ghdjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. 19-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; Mq;fpyf; fy;tpf; $lq;fs; epWtg;gl;l gpwF jhd; ghlE}y;fSk;> ghlj; jpl;lq;fSk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nfhupf;if vOe;jJ. mjd; gpwF mikf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;l mikg;Gk; mjd; jiytuhd Nfustu;ktypa Nfhapj;jk;Guhdpd; jiyikapy; jhd; Foe;ijfSf;fhd E}w;fs; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Kaw;rp Muk;gkhdJ. ,tuJ mauhj ciog;gpd; %yk; jhd; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; mwptpay; fzpjk; Gtpapay; Nghd;w gy;NtW nghUz;ikapy; ghlE}w;fs; cUthapd. ,tu; vOjpa kfr;rupj rq;fpufk; (kfhd;fspd; tho;f;if tuyhW ) rd;khu;f;f gpujPgk; (ey;nyhOf;fk; $Wk; ePjp E}y;) tpQ;Qhd kQ;rup Nghd;w E}w;fs; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. <rhg;G ePjpf;fijfisAk; nkhopngau;j;J Foe;ijfs; gbf;f toptifr; nra;jtu; ,tNu. kiyahsj;jpy; ngupNahu;fSf;fhf ,yf;fpak; gilj;J Gfo;ngw;wtu;fs;jhd; mjpfkhff; Foe;ijfSf;fhd ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilj;Js;sjhf mwpaKbfpwJ. gpugy ftpQu;fshd nrUNrup vOj;jr;rd;> FQ;Qd; guNk];tu Iau;> ge;jsk; Nfustu;kh> [p. rq;fuf;F&g> itNyhg;gps;sp =juNkdhd;> X.vd;.tp.F&g;> Iag;gg; gzpf;fu; Nghd;NwhuJ Foe;ijf; ftpijfs; gpurpj;jp ngw;wd.

“fhf;Nf fhf;Nf $ltpNl $l;bdfj;J xU FQ;Rz;Nlh”

vd;w cs;Supd; ftpijAk;

“igq;fpspNa igq;fpspNa fspahBlhd; tUNkh eP”

vd;w ge;jsj;jpd; ftpijAk; ,d;wsTk; Foe;ijfspd; kj;jpapy; mopahky; epiyj;J epw;fpd;wd. Foe;ij ,yf;fpak; gilg;gjidj; jdJ Kjd;ikg;gzpahff; nfhz;ltu;fis kiyahs ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mupjhfNt fhzKbfpwJ. FQ;Q§z;zp kh];lu; vd;gtu; kl;LNk jd; tho;ehs; ,Wjptiu Foe;ijfSf;fhfNt ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilj;jtu;. NkYk; rpg;gpgs;spGuk; kyaj; mg;Gz;zp Nghd;NwhUk; Vuhskhd Foe;ijg;ghly;fs; gilj;J kiyahsf; Foe;ij ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F tsk; Nru;j;J tUfpd;wdu;.

nkhop eil

gilg;ghsd; jd; gilg;ig ntw;wpfukhff; nfhz;L nry;tjw;F nkhopeil ngupJk; cjTfpwJ. gilg;ghsp jdJ vz;zq;fisAk;> czu;r;rpfisAk; jf;f nrhw;fspdhy; tbj;jspf;Fk; fiyj;jpwid eil vd;W $wyhk;. “mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njuptJ Nghy; vOj;jpd; moF eilapy; ntspg;gLk;. ,e;j eilAk; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk;> MSf;F Ms; NtWgl;Nl tpsq;Fk;” vd;W eil Fwpj;J fUj;J R. ghyre;jpud; $Wfpwhu;. ,Nj Nghy; “Foe;ijfSf;F vOJtjpy; jq;fspd; mwpTj;jpwikiaAk; nkhopg;GyikiaAk; fhl;Ltjpy; gadpy;iy. vspa eilapy; njspthfTk; mofhfTk; vOj Ntz;Lk;” vd;W Foe;ij ,yf;fpaj;jpd; nkhop eil Fwpj;J fUj;J njuptpf;fpwhu; ng. J}ud;.

Foe;ijf; ftpQu;fSk; nkhopeilAk;

Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghly; vOJk; ftpQu;fs; eilapay; Fwpj;j rpe;jidfis mwpe;jtu;fshf ,Ug;gpd; mtu;fsJ gilg;Gfs; kpfTk; ed;whf mikAk;. Foe;ijfspd; kdepiyfisAk;> cs;Szu;TfisAk; ed;F mwpe;jtu; fshy; kl;LNk ey;y Foe;ijg;ghly;fisg; gilf;f ,aYk;. mitjhd; fhyj;jhy; mopahJ Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;Fk;. jkpopy; Gfo;ngw;w Foe;ijf; ftpQu;fshd ftpkzp> mo. ts;spag;gh> ng. J}ud;> G+tz;zd;> ghujpjhrd;> Fo. fjpNurd; Nghd;NwhuJ ghly;fSk; kiyahs nkhopapd; ,izaw;w Foe;ijf; ftpQu;fshdf; FQ;`z;zp kh];lu;> Fkhudhrhd;> cs;@u; guNk];tu Iau;> kyaj; mg;Gz;zp> rpg;gp gs;spg;Gwk; Nghd;NwhuJ Foe;ijg;ghly;fSk; ,q;Nf nkhopeil mbg;gilapy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. Foe;ijg; ghly;fspd; nkhopeil> mg;ghly;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; nrhw;Nru;f;ifapd; mikg;G> moF> njspT Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fPo;f;fz;lthW tifg;gLj;jg; gl;L Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fs;

vijf; $w Kad;whYk; rup> ahUf;Ff; $wg; NghfpNwhk; vd;gij czu;e;J nfhz;L mtUf;Fj; njupe;j nkhopapy; ciuj;jhNy mJ cau;e;j gaid tpistpf;Fk;. ,jid vz;zpj;jhd; ftpQu;fs; Ngr;R eilapy; jq;fs; ghly;fis vOJfpd;wdu;. Foe;ijfSf;F ed;F njupe;j nkhop eil Ngr;R eilNa. mtu;fs; eilapy; mikAk; ghly;fis mtu;fsJ gpQ;R kdk; vspjpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;. ,ij kdjpy; vz;Zfpd;w ftpQu;fs; Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fisg;gad;gLj;jpg; ghly;fs; gy Gide;Js;sdu;. jpUts;Stiu Foe;ijfSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;j tpioAk; Fo. fjpNurd;>

“ts;StU jpUf;Fwis / cyfj;Jf;Nf je;jhU nts;sp epyh Nghy mwpT / ntspr;rkijj; je;jhU”

vdg; Ngr;Rj; jkpio mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jp ghbAs;shu;. ,q;Nf je;jhu; vd;w nrhy; Ngr;R tof;fpy; je;jhU vd cr;rupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;tof;ifNa ftpQu; gad;gLj;jpg; ghliy ,aw;wpAs;shu;. kiyahsf; ftpQuhd Fkhudhrhd; Kg;ngUq;ftpQu; fSs; xUtuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLgtu;. Foe;ijfSf;fhfTk; kpfr; rpwe;j ghly;fisg; ghbAs;shu;. ,tuJ Foe;ijg; ghly;fspYk; Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fis mjpfkhff; fhzyhk;. mOJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; jd; Foe;ijia MWjy; gLj;j KaYk; jha; jd; epiyiar; Rl;bg;ghLtjhf mike;j ghly;>

”mupfj; jk;NghL tUe;Ez;lk;kh Qhd; fuaha; NfhkNd fuy; thb”

,g;ghlypy; Fkhudhrhd; kiyahsg; Ngr;R eilf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Js;shu;. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mupF> mk;NghL> fuy; Mfpad Ngr;R nkhopr; nrhw;fNs. ,it jug;gLj;jg; gl;l kiyahs eilapy; mUF> md;Ngu;L>fus; vd;W mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghlypd; ,dpik> vspik> Nfl;Nghu; kdepiy Mfpad fUjpNa Mrhd; Ngr;R tof;fpy; ,g;ghliy mikj;Js;shu;.

,yf;fpar; nrhw;fs;

Foe;ijg;ghly;fspy; ,yf;fpar; nrhw;fs; ,lk; ngw Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijg; ghujpjhrd; jd;Dila ,isQu; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Kd;Diuapy; “xt;nthU ghl;lhYk; khztu; ,uz;nlhU mUQ;nrhw;fNsDk; mwpe;J nfhs;shuhapd; ghl;bdhy; Vw;gLk; gad;jhd; vd;d?” vd;W tpdTfpwhu;. ,yf;fpar; nrhw;fisf; Foe;ijfSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; vOjg;gLk; ghlypy; vspikAk;> ,dpikAk; ,Uf;fhJ. mj;jifa ghly;fs; thu;j;ijfspd; nrhw;Nru;f;ifahfNt mikAk;. vdpDk; rpwe;j ftpQu;fs; vOjpAs;s ghly;fs; ,jw;F tpjp tpyf;fhf miktJz;L. ftpQu; mo. ts;spag;gh Rje;jpujpdk; Fwpj;J vOjpAs;s>

“nts;is Ml;rp Kbe;J Nghd ntw;wp ehspNj ehk; Nkd;ik kpf;f Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngw;w ehspNj”

vd;w ghly; ,yf;fpar; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L vspikahfTk;> ,dpikahfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. cs;Su; guNk];tu Iau; vd;w kiyahsg; ngUq; ftpQUk; Foe;ijfSf;fhfg; gy;NtW Foe;ijg; ghly;fis ahj;jspj;Js;shu;. mtuJ ,aw;if tUzidg; ghly;fs; jdpr;rpwg;G kpf;fit. njd;id kuq;fisf; Fwpj;J ,tu; vOjpAs;s>

“fhw;wj;jpsFk; klYfSk; / fha;r;R jsa;f;Fk; FyfSkha; ek;Kil Njhl;lj;jpy; epd;dpUe;J / ey;nyhU njq;F fnshl;l Ndfk;”

vd;w ftpijapy; Ngr;R nkhopr; nrhw;fNsh> nfhr;irr; nrhw;fNsh ,lk;ngwtpy;iy. Nfusj;jpy; njd;id kuq;fs; jw;NghJ mope;J tUfpd;wd vd;w nra;jpia ,g;ghly; typAWj;JfpwJ.

goFnkhopr; nrhw;fs;

Foe;ijg; ghly;fs; Foe;ijfSf;F kpfTk; mwpKfkhd nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L tpsq;Fjy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. ghliyg; ghLk; NghJ Foe;ij mupa nrhw;fshy; jilgl;L epw;Fk; epiy Vw;glf; $lhJ. mt;thW jil Vw;gl;lhy; Foe;ijfs; ghly;fis Ritf;Fk; kdepiyia ,of;ff; $Lk;. ,jid kdjpy; fUjpNa Foe;ijfspd; kd ,ay;G njupe;J mtu;fSf;Fg; Gupaf; $ba nrhw;fspy; nrhy;tjpy; jhd; ngUik ,Uf;fpwJ.fUj;J Gjpajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Goq;Fk; nrhw;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpwhu; Mu;.tp.ng.J}ud; ahidiaAk;> GidiaAk; Foe;ijfsplk; mwpKfg;gLj;J tjw;fhf>

“Midnahd;W te;jjhk; / mire;jire;J ele;jjhk; G+idnahd;W ghu;j;jjhk; / gJq;fpf; fpl;lr; nrd;wjhk;”

vd;w ghlypy; goFnkhopr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. kiyahs nkhopapy; ‘s’fuj;ij fw;gpg;gjw;fhff; FQ;z;zp kh];lu;>

“jisAk; tisAk; Nkspf;Fk; Nghy; / jstsay;yJ ey;nyhU jts”

vd;w ghly; %yk; mzpfyd;fshd jis> tisay; Nghd;wtw;iw xd;W Nru;f;Fk; NghJ mJ jtisahf khWfpwJ vd;W $Wfpwhu;.

gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs;

jdpj;jkpo; tof;Ffs; rpy rkaq;fspy; ,yf;fpa tof;fhf khWk; NghJ Foe;ijfshy; vspjpy; Gupe;J nfhs;s ,ayhj epiy Vw;gLk;. ,t;Ntisapy; gof;fj;jpy; cs;s gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fisg; ghlypy; GFj;JtJz;L. jkpo; kiyahs nkhopfspy; cs;s Foe;ijg;ghly;fspy; tlnkhop Mq;fpyk; ,e;jp cUJ njYq;F Nghd;w nkhopr;nrhw;fisf; ftpQu;fs; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.

tlnkhop

jkpo; Foe;ij ,yf;fpa cyfpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd ftpQu;fSk; tlnkhopr; nrhw;fisf; fye;J ghly; ghbAs;sdu;.

“gq;f[hl;rpifapNy / gtoq; fhztpy;iyahk;” vd;W ftpkzpAk;>

“,wq;fp ,q;F thuha; / ehk; ,Uf;fyhNk N[huha;” vd;W G+tz;zDk; tlnkhopr; nrhy; fye;J ghly; tbj;Js;sdu;. kiyahs nkhopf;F tlnkhopapd; Jizapd;wp jdpj;J ,aq;f ,ayhJ. Fkhudhrhd; ,dpikahd njd;wy; fhw;W ,jkhf tPRtij>

“vy;yhlTk; G\;gfe;jk; guj;jp Nky;nyhe;E njf;Fe;E tPRe;E thA”

vd;W tu;zpf;fpwhu;. ,q;Nf G\;gk;> fe;jk; Mfpa tlnkhopr; nrhw;fis ,lk; ngwr; nra;Js;shu; ftpQu;.

Mq;fpyk;

cyf nkhopahfj; jpfOk; Mq;fpyk; ,d;W ,e;jpa kf;fs; kPJ ngUk; Mjpf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jp tUfpwJ. ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; ,J gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. Foe;ijf; ftpQu;fSk; ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fd;W. Fo. fjpNurd;>

“Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps; tz;bahk; / tapW epiwag; ngl;Nuhiy thq;fp thq;fp Fbf;Fkhk;”

vd;w ghlypy; Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;> ngl;Nuhy; Nghd;w Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. ,Nj Nghy; kiyahsj;jpy; rpg;gp gs;spg;Gwk; vDk; Foe;ijf; ftpQu;>

“gy;Gk; taWk; $lhnj/ghl;lwp NghYk; thq;fhnj

nef;F tpsf;Ffs; kpd;dpf;Fe;E”

vd;w ghlypy; kpd;kpdpg; G+r;rpfs; xspia ntspg;gLj;Jk; jpwid Mrpupau; Njit fUjpNa gy;G> tau;> ghl;lup Nghd;w Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;.

,e;jp mugp

jkpo; nkhopapy; Foe;ijg; ghly;fspy; ,e;jp nkhopr; nrhw;fs; kpf mupjhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ts;spag;ghtpd;> mo.

“vq;fSila mg;gh – mtu; / vd;Wk; mzpthu; [pg;gh”

vDk; ghlypy; [pg;gh vDk; ,e;jpr; nrhy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kiyahsj;jpy; muG nkhopj;jhf;fk; fhzKbfpwJ. kyaj; mg;Gz;zp vDk; ftpQu; ,aw;wpa>

“nrj;jp elf;Fk; fhw;Nw epdf;F / mj;jU je;jJ MuhZ fj;jupy; epe;Ek; te;eg;Nghy; / mj;jU je;E mg;Jf;fh” vDk; ghlypy; Nfusj;jpw;Fk;> muG ehLfSf;FKs;s njhlu;gpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhu;. “mj;ju;” vdg;gLk; thrid jputpaj;ij mg;Jf;fh fj;jupypUe;J nfhz;Lte;J fhw;wplk; nfhLj;jjhfg; ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

KbTiu

,t;thW jkpo;> kiyahsf; Foe;ijf; ftpQu;fs; jq;fsJ ghly;fspy; gy;NtW nkhopeil cj;jpfisf; ifahz;Ls;sdu;. ,U nkhopf; ftpQu;fSk; Foe;ijfspd; kd epiyf;Fk;> Gupjy; jd;ikf;Nfw;g ghly;fisg; gilj;J tUfpd;wdu;. ey;y eilapy; ,aw;wg;gLk; Foe;ijg; ghly;fs; Fle;ijfsplk; vspjpy; nrd;wiltJld; mit fhyq; fle;Jk; Gfo;ngw;W epw;Fk; vd;W $Wtjpy; jtwpy;iy.

ghHit E}y;fs;

mutpe;jd;> K. it> jkpof ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;> yl;Rkp gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 1987.

fpU\;zrhkp> Nt. Foe;ijf; ftpQupd; ,yf;fpa jpwd;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> rpjk;guk;> 1986.

Nt. Rg;ukzpak;> jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 1999.

njhy;fhg;gpak;. irtrpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf; fofk;;> nrd;id> 1988.

GwehD}W> irtrpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf; fofk;;> nrd;id> 1999.

G+tz;zd;. Foe;ij ,yf;fpa  tuyhW> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 1982.

cs;Shu;;> v];. guNk];tuu; Iau;> Nfus rh`pj;a  rupj;jpuk;> 1950.

J}ud;>  MidAk; G+idAk;> godpag;gh gpuju;];> nrd;id> 1969.

To cite this article