மின்னகராதிகளும் அதன் பயன்பாடுகளும்
March 31, 2022Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies
,Us nkhopapy; jkpo; ,yf;fzf; $Wfs;;
tp[aFkhH> f.
Kidth; gl;l Ma;thsh;> jkpo;j;Jiw> Nfusg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> fhupatl;lk;> jpUtde;jGuk;> Nfush> ,e;jpah.
Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;
jpuhtpl nkhopf;FLk;gj;jpy; jpUe;jh nkhopfSs; xd;W,Us nkhop. ,k; nkhop ,Usupd kf;fspd; Ngr;R nkhopahFk;. ,k;kf;fs; Nkw;Fj; njhlHr;rp kiyg;gFjpfspy; tho;e;J tUfpd;wdH. mk;kf;fSf;nfd jdpj;j ,yf;fzk; ,y;yhj NghJ jpuhtpl nkhopf;FLk;gj;Js; xd;whdjhYk; jpuhtpl nkhopapd; %j;j nkhopahd jkpo; nkhop ,yf;fzj;ijg; nghUj;jpg; ghHg;gjhf ,e;j fl;Liu mikfpwJ.
fiyr;nrhw;fs;: ,UsH> ,Usnkhop> vdhf;F> %g;ng> tz;lhup> nfont
Kd;Diu
,UsH goq;Fb kf;fshy; Ngrg;gLk; nkhop ,UsnkhopahFk;. ,k; nkhop njd; jpuhtpl nkhopf; FLk;gj;ijr; rhHe;jjhFk;. ,UsH nkhopiag; gw;wp Ma;T nra;j fkpy; Rtygpy; ,UsHfs; jkpo;> kiyahsk; fye;j nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp NgRfpwhHfs; vd;ghH. ,UsH nkhopapy; xypapay; nrhy;ypay; $Wfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b ,k; nkhop jdp nkhopahf Fwpg;gpLfpwhH ek;kho;thH.
,UsH nkhopf;F jdpj;j tuptbtk; ,y;iy Mjyhy; mtHfspd; nkhopf;$Wfis jkpo; kiyahs tuptbtj;jpy; vOjptUfpd;wdH. rkfhyj;jpy; ,g;goq;Fb kf;fs; fy;tpapy; ehl;lk; fhl;b tUfpwhHfs;. fy;tp fw;gjpYk; fUj;Jg;gupkhw;wj;jpd; NghJ fUj;Jf;fis Gupe;J nfhs;tjpYk; fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;JtjpYk; ngUk; rpf;fy; Vw;gLfpwJ. fhuzk; jha;nkhopapy; nra;jpg;gupkhw;wk; nra;ag;glhikNa. jha; nkhopapd; Kf;fpaj;ij ed;FzHe;j ,g;goq;FbapdH jw;NghJ ,Us nkhop tuptbtk; cUthf;fptUfpd;wdH.
,t;tpUsHfSf;F tuptbtk; ,y;iy jhd; ,Ug;gpDk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; mbg;gil $Wfshd tha;nkhop kuG cz;L. tuptbtk; kw;Wk; ,yf;fzf;$Wfs; fhzg;gbd; ,Usupd kf;fSk; jq;fs; nkhopapy; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gilf;f Kd;tuf;$Lk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. ,UsH goq;Fbfsplk; ngWk; ,yf;fpaf;$Wfs; kiwe;J fplg;gij czHe;j vOj;jhsH yl;Rkzd; jkpo; tuptbtj;jpy; ,Ush nkhopapy; rg;ng nfhfhY vd;w ehtYk;> xbad; vDk; ftpijj;njhFg;Gk; gilj;Js;shH.
,UsHfs; thOk; CHfspy; jkpoHfs;> kiyahspfs; FbNaw;wk; ngw;w NghJ ,UsHfspd; nkhopapy; ngUk; fyg;G Vw;glyhapw;W. rkfhy ,Usupd ,isQHfSf;F jq;fspd; jha; nkhop Kw;wpYk; me;epakhfpAs;sJ. Ntw;W ,dkf;fspd; Kd;dpy; jha;nkhopapy; NgRtjpy; jaf;fk; fhl;b tUtJ fz;$lhFk;. ,e;j epiy ePbf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; nkhop mopTld; ,dKk; mopAk; vd;gJ epjHrd cz;ikahFk;.
,UsH nkhopf;Fj; jdp ,yf;fzk; tFf;fg;glhj epiyapy; ,Ush nkhopia jkpo; ,yf;fzj;jpypUe;J mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
%tplk;
jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glHif vDk; %tplq;fspy; xUik gd;ikapy; ,UsHfs; toq;fptUk; nrhw;fs;
jd;ik
,Usnkhop | jkpo; nkhop | |
xUik
| e;ehD vd;nd e;ehe;eh Vq;fpl;nl vdhf;F | ehd; vd;id ehdh vd;dplk; vdf;F |
gd;ik | e;ehK ek;nk ekj;J ekhf;F vk;J vj;J | ehk; ek;ik ekJ ekf;F vkJ vq;fs; |
Kd;dpiy
,Usnkhop | jkpo; nkhop | |
xUik
| xUik eP epd;nd ePD xq;fpl;nl xd;dhny | eP cd;id eP cd;dplk; cd;dhy; |
gd;ik | ePtPU epj;J | ePq;fs; cq;fs; |
glHif
,Usnkhop | jkpo; nkhop | |
xUik
| mnt mth mJf | mtd; mts; mit |
gd;ik | mntf mntf | mtHfs; mitfs; |
Ik;ghy;
ghy; mbg;gilapy; Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyHghy;> xd;wd; ghy;> gytpd; ghy; vd ghFgLj;jyhk;
ghy; | ,Usnkhop | jkpo; nkhop |
Mz; ghy;
| mnt ,nt —– | mtd; ,td; ctd |
ngz; ghy;
| mth ,th —– | mts; ,ts; cts; |
gyH ghy | mthU ,thU —– | mtH ,tH ctH |
xd;wd; ghy;
| mt/mJ ,t/,J | mJ ,J |
gytpd; ghy; | mntf ,ntf | mitfs; ,itfs; |
tpdhr; nrhw;fs;
,Usnkhop | jkpo; nkhop |
MU vdhJ vdhf;F vg;ng Vq;F vdhf;F vr;rh vj;jpdp vdhdJ | ahH vd;d Vd; vg;nghOJ vq;F vjw;F vg;gb vt;tsT vij |
v.fh
- MU tUfh (ahH tUfpwhH)
- vdhJ nra;nj (vd;d nra;jha;)
- vdhf;F te;nj (Vd; te;jha;)
- vg;ng fz;nl (vg;nghOJ ghHj;jha;)
- Vq;F Nghnd (vq;F nrd;wha;)
- eh vdhf;F tUfh (ehd; vjw;F tu Ntz;Lk;)
- vj;jpdp gzh (vj;jid &gha;)
- vdhdJ tq;fpnd (vijnay;yhk; thq;fpdha;)
ngaHr;nrhy;
ngaHr; nrhy; caHjpizg; ngaH> m/wpizg;ngaH vd ,Utifg;gLk;. mg;ngaHr; nrhy;ypd; tpFjpfs; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
caHjpizg; ngaHr; nrhy;
kdpjHfisf; Fwpj;JtUk; nrhw;fs; caH jpizg; ngaHfshFk;. ,t;TaHjpizg; ngaHfs; Mz;ghy; caHjpizg;ngaH> ngz;ghy; caHjpizg;ngaH vd ,U tifahFk;.
caHjpiz Mz;ghy; xUik ngaH
,Uns – ,Us ,d Mz;
%g;ng – CH jiytd;
Fg;ng – egupd; ngaH
knf – kfd;
xUj;nj – xUtd;
tz;lhup – epHthfp
Fs;ns – Fs;skhdtd;
nfont – tajhdtH
,UsHfspd; nkhopapy; Mz;ghy; <Wfshf vfu> ,fuk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. jkpopy; Mz;ghy; <whd |d;| kaq;FfpwJ. %g;gd; vd;gjpYs;s d; Kw;wpYk; nfl;L gfuj;jpYs;s mfuj;jpw;F gjpyhf vfuk; te;Js;sJ. Mz;ghy; <W vfukhf Vida nrhw;fspYk; nghUe;jp epw;fpd;wJ. ,q;F jkpopy; toq;fptUk; fs; tpFjp gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy.
caHjpiz ngz;ghy; xUik
%g;gj;jp – CH epHthfpapd; kidtp
tPzp – ,isQp
ky;yp – ngz;zpd; ngaH
ngz;L – kidtp
nghz;wp – ngz;fs;
ngz;ghy; xUik <Wfshf jkpopy; toq;Ftijg; Nghd;W ,fuk; <whf mikfpwJ.
caHjpiz gd;ik
MZf – Mz;fs;
tPzUf – ,isQHfs;
nghz;wpfh – ngz;fs;
rpyhU – rpy egHfs;
ngy;athU – %j;NjhH
fTz;lhU – fTz;lHfs;
FWk;ghU – FWk;gHfs;
jkpopy; gd;ik tpFjpfshf ufu nka;Ak;> fs; tpFjpiaAk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;. ,Us nkhopapy; jkpo; nkhopapYs;s caHjpiz gd;ik <Wfs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. fs; vd;gjpYs;s ,Wjp sfu nka; gad;gLj;Jtij Kw;wpYk; jtpHj;J ffuj;Jld; epWj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ufu nka; tof;fpy; ,Ug;gpDk; ufuj;jpd; kPJ cfuk; Vwpa xypg;G Kiw cs;sd. Mf caH jpiz gd;ik tpFjpfs; ffuk; kw;Wk; U MFk;.
m/wpiz xUik
jkpopy; toq;fptUk; m/wpiz xUikf;F tpdhr;Rl;Lr; nrhw;fs; gad;gLj;Jtijg; Nghd;W ,Us nkhopapYk; mt;thNu tpdhTk; Rl;Lk; m/wpiz xUikf;F gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;.
mJ – mJ
,J – ,J
,LFwpg; ngaHfs;> fhuzg;ngaHfs;> kuGg;ngaHfSk; jkpo; kuGg;gb gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs; ngaHfspy; khw;wk; cz;L.
Mnd – ahid
nfnu – MW
fy;Y – fy;
fg;ng – jtis(,LFwpg;ngaHfs;)
uy;Y – cuy;
yf;nf – cyf;if (fhuzg; ngaH)
m/wpiz gd;ikg; ngaHfs;
gytpd; ghy; Rl;Lg;ngaHfis m/wpizg; gd;ikg;ngauhf ,UsHfs; NgRfpd;wdH.
mnt – mit
,nt – ,it
NkYk; m/wpiz xUikg; ngaHfs; Kd; ffuk; NrHj;J m/wpiz gd;ikg; ngaHfshf toq;fp tUfpwhHfs;.
Mndf – ahidfs;
kuq;f – kuq;fs;
MLf – MLfs;
$nuf – tpLfs;
caH jpizf;Fk; m/wpizf;Fk; gyHghy; tpFjpfs; xd;whf gad; gLj;JfpwhHfs;
Rl;Lg;ngaHfs;
ngaH $whky; Rl;bf;$w Rl;Lg;ngaHfs; gad; gLj;Jfpd;wdH. Rl;Lg;ngaHfs; %tifahFk; mz;ikr;Rl;L> Nra;ikr;Rl;L> ,ilr;Rl;L> jkpopy; gad;gLj;Jk; m> ,> c vDk; Rl;Lfspy; mz;ikAk; Nra;ikAk; m>, kl;LNk ,UsHfs; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;.
mJ – mJ
,J – ,J
mnt – mit
,nt – ,it
vz;Zg;ngaH
nghUl;fis msj;jypw;Fk; vj;jid vd;W Fwpg;gpLtjw;Fk; vz;fs; Njitg;gLfpwJ. mitfs;
fhY – ehd;fpy;xUgq;F
mnu – miu
ts;s – ts;sk;
xe;J – xd;W
nuz;L – ,uz;L
%D – %d;W
ehY – ehd;F
mQ;R – Ie;J
MW – MW
VO – VO
vl;L – vl;L
xk;ghJ – xd;gJ
gj;J – gj;J
jpirg;ngaHfs;
jpirfisr; Rl;b epw;Fk; ngaHfis jpirg;ngaHfs; vdyhk;.
,Usnkhopapy; jpirg;ngaHfs;
fohf;F – fpof;F
Nkf;F – Nkw;F
njf;F – njw;F
tlhf;F – tlf;F
Ntw;Wikfs;
vOthapd; nghUs; Gyg;ghl;Lf;F Kf;fpaf; fhuzp Ntw;Wik cUGfshFk;. jkpopy; vl;L Ntw;Wikfs; cs;sd. Kjy; kw;Wk; vl;lhk; Ntw;Wikf;F cUGfs; ,y;iy.
,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
jkpopy; ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ~I| MFk;. Mf;fy;> mopj;jy;> miljy;> ePj;jy;> xj;jy;> cilik vd;w MW nghUspy; tUtjhf ed;D}yhH Rl;LfpwhH. ,Us nkhopapy; ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikahf vfuk; cs;sJ.
vd;nd nyj;jpah
rf;fuf;fhapnd gwpf;fhny
%d;whk; Ntw;Wik
ed;D}yhH fUj;Jg;gb Md;> My;> xL> XL Mfpa ehd;Fk; %d;whk;Ntw;Wik cUGfshFk;. ,it fUtp> fUj;jh> cldpfo;r;rp Mfpa nghUs;fspy; tUk;. ,Us nkhopapy; jkpo; nkhopia Nghd;Nw %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; cs;sd.
mtdhny KbF – Mny
mntndhnl $Nu – xnl
mntNdhnl tUt – XL
ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik
ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ~F| MFk;. ,t;Ntw;Wik nfhil> gif> el;G> jFjp nghUl;fspy; tUk;. ,Us nkhopapy; mt;thNw ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik fhzg;gLfpwJ.
nfhfhYf;F ngnu
rhTf;F Nghfpdh
Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik
Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ,d;> ,y; MFk;. ,t;Ntw;Wik ePq;fy;> xg;G> vy;iy> VJ vDk; ehd;F nghUs;fspy; tUk;. ,UsHfspd; Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUG |,K| MFk;
nfnuypK kpDfh rj;J nflhf;F – ,K
ml;lg;ghbapypK ,Uns thOfh – ,K
fhLypK uhr Mnd – ,K
Mwhk; Ntw;Wik> Vohk; Ntw;Wik
Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUG mJ. Vohk; Ntw;Wik cUG fz; MFk; ,Usnkhopapy; Mwhk; Ntw;Wik vohk; Ntw;Wikfs; vd;W cUG ,y;iy. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfis gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;
nkUfdpK NtY
kuj;jpK gohk; Uf;F
tpidr; nrhy;> fhyk;
tpidr; nrhw;fs; fhyk; fhl;b epw;Fk; mit ,we;jfhyk;> epfo;fhyk;> vjpHfhyk; vdg; gpupf;fg;gLk;. ,Us nkhopapy; %d;Wfhyq;fSk; tpidr;nrhy;Yld; tUk; tpjk;
,we;jfhyk;
ele;nj – ele;jhd;
ele;jh – ele;jhs;
ele;jhU – ele;jhHfs;
ele;jhJ – ele;jJ
ele;jhJf – ele;jd
,we;jfhyj;ij fhl;Lk; ,il epiyr; nrhw;fshf e;j;> d;> j;> gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs; ,UsHfs;. ,we;j fhy tpidr;nrhw;fs; fhyk;> ghy;> vz; fhl;LfpwJ.
epfo;fhyk;
mnt tUf;f – mtd; tUfpwhd;
mth tUf;f – mts; tUfpwhs;
mthUf tUfh – mtHfs; tUfpwhHfs;
Mnd tUFJ – ahid tUfpwJ
MLfh XLFJ – MLfs; XLfpwJ
,Us nkhop epfo;fhy ,il epiyr; nrhw;fshf f;f> F gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. epfo;fhy tpidr; nrhw;fspy; xUik gd;ikfs; fz;lwpa KbAk; Mdhy; ghy; NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.
vjpHfhyk;
ehD tUnt – ehd; tUNtd;
%g;ng ngzhq;Ft – %g;gd; Nfhgk; nfhs;thH
ky;yp ghLth – ky;yp ghLths;
vy;yhUK tUthU – vy;yhUk; tUthHfs;
Nk tUK – kio tUk;
,UsHfs; vjpHfhyj;ij fhl;Lk; ,il epiyr; nrhw;fshf nt> t> th> K nrhw;fis gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ,jpy; fhyk;> ghy; xUik gd;ikfs; ntspg;gLfpwJ.
tpidr;nrhw;fspd; NtHr; nrhw;fs; jkpo; nkhopapy; toq;fptUtij mbg;gilahf nfhz;Ls;sJ. NtHr;nrhw;fspy; gpd;ndhl;Lfs; kl;LNk khw;wk; ngWfpwJ.
,Us nkhopr; nrhw;fs;
,uz;L nkhopapYk; xNuNghy gad;gLj;Jk; nrhw;fs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mit> rpWkhw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;Lk; kUtpAk;> Kw;wpYk; jpupe;j epiyapYk; nrhw;fs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,UsHfSf;nfd jdpj;j nrhw;fSk; cs;sd.
ga;ap – fpzW
$nu – tPL
nfnu – MW
fg;ng – jtis
gf;fp – ntsthy;
kj;J – cjL
lhF – fPiu
gl;lku – %q;fpy;
Nkw;fz;l nrhw;fisg; Nghd;W Vuhskhd ,Us nkhopf;Nf cupa nrhw;fs; fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wd.
nuhq;F – cwf;fk;
xlha;j;J – cilj;J
nyJ – vOJ
xlhk;G – clk;G
nuz;Nz – muzh
Uf;nf – ,Uf;fpNwd;
Yj;jh – ,Oj;jhd;
Ul;L – ,Ul;L
Ul;L – cUl;L
uhq;fp – ,wq;fp
yhW – myWjy;
yhg;gf; nfhl;il – ,Og;igf; nfhl;il
nye;J – cile;J
jkpo; capnuOj;Jf;fspy; njhlq;Fk; capH Kjy; nrhy;iy tpyf;fptpl;L kPjk; cs;s nrhw;fisj; jpupj;J toq;Ffpd;wdH. jkpopy; cfuj;jpy; njhlq;Fk; nrhw;fis ,UsH xfukhfTk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
,Us nrhy; – jkpo;r; nrhy;
,Us nkhopapy; toq;fptUk; nrhw;fSk; mjw;F ,izahd jkpo; nkhopr; nrhw;fSk;
,Us nrhy; – jkpo;r; nrhy;
ntyhf;fp – tpyf;Fjy/ ePf;Fjy;
ngzhq;fp – Nfhgk;
nkny – kiy
epj;J – cq;fs;
vj;J – vq;fs;
ntnj – tpij
fy;Y – fy;
ghr – md;G
Ntny – ntiy
ngrhJ – Kd;NdhHfis topgLk; ghid
ghY – ghy;
nuf;nf – rpwF
ge;jp – gd;wp
Nrhny – Nrhiy
jny – jiy
NjD – Njd;
Ff;F – cl;fhH
nghohg;G – gpiog;G
frhq;F – fpoq;F
Xj;J – Xzhd;
gjp – CH
gk;K – gok;
nghz;L – ngz;
Nfhfpyh – Fapy;
nkhf;nf – nkhl;il
Mnd – ahid
Fa;ap – Fop
Ff;if – Fg;ig
gpUf;fp – gwit
efy; – epoy;
g+jp – GOjp
Fk;gh – Flk;
,e;jf;F – ,d;W
nfhl;Nlf;fha ; – Mtzf;F
nfhytz;L – fl;nlWk;G
rg;guh – ghil
RUl;l – ghk;G
Mz; [hj;jp – kzkfd; tPl;lhH
ngz; [hj;jp – kzkfs; tPl;lhH
rf;fuf;fha; – g+rzpf;fha;
nfhfhy; – Foy;
nfhshg;G – tpsf;F
jhf;F – ehf;F
kyf;fha; – kpsfha;
f;Ff – fhshd;
fnlAop – fuz;b
rf;nff;fha; – gyh gok;
NtUg;Gs;s – fHgpzpg; ngz;
ntap – top
nfhap – Nfhop
tPRfy; – jpUit
,Us nkhopr; nrhw;fs; Kw;wpYk; jkpo; nkhopr; nrhw;fSf;F ,izahdjhf cs;sjhy; mtHfs; NgRtJ jkpo; nrhw;fshf Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; jkpo; nrhw;fspd; kUtpa tbtkhf nfhs;jy; jFk;. jkpopYs;s ofur; nrhw;fis afukhf gad; gLj;JfpwhHfs;. ngUk; ghd;ikahd jkpo; nrhw;fspd; Kjy; vOj;ij khw;wpAk; Kjy; vOj;ij ePf;fptpl;L Vidaitiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jw;F fhuzk; nrhw;fspd; cr;rupg;G tpsq;fhikahy; Nfl;l nrhw;fis mt;thNw gad;gLj;jp tof;fg;gLj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ml;lghb ,UsHfs; jq;fspd; jha; nkhopiaf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L Nkd;ik ngw gy nray;ghLfspYk; MHtk; fhl;b tUfpd;wdH.
thf;fpak;
thf;fpa mikg;gpy; jkpo; thf;fpa ,yf;fz mikg;ig xj;jpUf;fpwJ. vOtha; nrag;gLnghUs; gadpiy vDk; mikg;G Kiwapy; ,Us nkhop fhzg;gLfpwJ. khw;wp $wpdhYk; nghUs; khw;wk; Vw;gLtjpy;iy
mnt mj;jpg;ghK gwpj;jh
(mtd; mj;jpg;gok; gwpj;jhd;)
mnt – vOtha;> mj;jpg;ghK – nrag;gLnghUs;> gwpj;jhd; – gadpiy. vd;wKiwapy; thf;fpaq;fs; mikfpd;wd.
KbTiu
,Us nkhopapy; jkpo; nkhop ,yf;fzj;ijg; xg;gpl;Lg;ghHf;Fk;NghJ ngUk;ghd;ikahd $Wfs; xj;jjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,Usnkhopapy; Ntw;Wikfs;> tpidaikg;G> ghy;fhl;Lk; tpFjpfs; njhlH mikg;G Nghd;wit> jkpo; nkhop ,yf;fzj;Jld; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Nkyha;TfSf;F cl;gLj;jp ,k;nkhopf;$Wfspd; jd;ikfis xj;J Nehf;Ftjpd; mtrpaj;ij ,f;fl;Liu vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
ghHit E}y;fs;
mfj;jpa ypq;fk;.> r. (2000). ,e;jpa nkhopfs; (1) nka;ag;gd; jkpoha;tfk; rpjk;guk;.
mfj;jpaypq;fk;.> r. (1984). jkpo;nkhop mikg;gpay;> nka;ag;gd; jkpoha;tfk; rpjk;guk;.
mfj;jpa ypq;fk;.> r.> (2005). jpuhtplnkhop ,yf;fzq;fs;> nka;ag;gd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.
Nfhtpe;j rhkpgps;is.> ,uhk. (gjp). (1999). njhy;fhg;gpak; nrhy;yjpfhuk;> ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk;> jQ;rht+H.
To cite this article
Vijayakumar, K. (2022). ,Us nkhopapy; jkpo; ,yf;fzf; $Wfs;. Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies, 5(1), 31-38.