Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;

goe;jkpou; tho;T epyk; rhu;e;J mike;jJ. Ie;epytho;Nt Ie;jpizfshf kyu;e;J kzk; gug;gpaJ. ,j;jifa jpiz rhu;e;j tho;tpaiyj; jhd; rq;f ,yf;fpak; fl;likj;Js;sJ. rq;fj; jkpoupd; tho;tpaiy mwpe;Jnfhs;s ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; xNu Mjhukhfr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. epyk; rhu;e;J jk; tho;it mikj;Jf;nfhz;l goe;jkpou; me;epyk; rhu;e;j czTg;nghUl;fisNa tho;tpay; Mjhukhff; nfhz;bUe;jij rq;ffy ,yf;fpak; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gz;ilj;jkpoupd; czTg; gz;ghL rhu;e;j tho;tpaiy tpsf;FtNjhL jkpoupd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;gpidAk; vLj;Jiug;gjhf ,t;tha;Tf; fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ.

fiyr;nrhw;fs;: rq;ffhyk;> rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;> czT> Njd;> ,iwr;rp FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> tpUe;Njhk;gy;.

Kd;Diu             

,yf;fpak; kf;fs; to;tpaiyg; gpujpgypf;Fk; fz;zhb vd;gu;. Fwpg;gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpd; tho;tpaiy ntspg;gLj;Jk; rpwe;j Mtzq; fshf tpsq;FtdTk; mt;tf;fhy  ,yf;fpaq;fNs. kdpjd; jhd; thOk; ,aw;ifr; R+oYf;F Vw;g jk; tho;itf; fl;likj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whd;. thOk; epyj;jpd; ,ay;gpw;F Vw;wthW mq;F thOk; kf;fspd; tho;f;if KiwfSk; khWfpd;wd. rq;fj; jkpoupd; tho;tpaiy mwpe;Jnfhs;s ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; xNu Mjhukhfr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vdNtjhd; “gz;ilf; fhyj;Jj; jkpo;kf;fSila jpdrup tho;f;if newpia mtu;fs; ,aw;wpAs;s ghly;fspypUe;J Cfpg;gNj jf;fjhFk;”1 vd;W itahGupg;gps;isAk; gz;ilaj;jkpoupd; tho;f;ifiag; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd Mjhuq;fshfr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fisNa Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. NkYk; “xU ,yf;fpaj;ijf; fw;gjhy; me;j ehl;bDila tuyhWk; kf;fspd; tho;f;if KiwfSk; murDf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; ,Ue;j njhlu;Gk; njupa tUfpd;wJ. tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfs;> gz;ghl;Lr; nra;jpfs;> kf;fspd; czT tiffs;> cil tiffs;> mtu;fs; mzpe;j Mguzq;fs;> mtu;fs; tho;e;j ,y;yq;fs;> mtu;fs; nra;j njhopy;fs;> tzpfr; R+o;epiy> rKjhar; nra;jpfs;> rkar; nra;jpfs;> gof;ftof;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;F ,yf;fpaq;fs; JizGupfpd;wd”2 vd;w $w;Wk; ,yf;fpak; rhu;e;j gjpTfspd; ,d;wpaikahikia czu;j;Jfpd;wJ. ,t;Tz;ikia Cd;W Nfhyhff;nfhz;L tho;e;j jkpoupd; tho;tpay; kuGfspy; czT rhu;e;j rq;f ,yf;fpag; gjpTfis tpsf;Ftjhf  ,t;tha;Tiu  mikfpd;wJ.

czT

epyk; rhu;e;J tho;tpaiy mikj;Jf; nfhz;l rq;fj; jkpou; me;epyk; rhu;e;j czTg; nghUl;fisNa Mjhukhff; nfhz;ldu;. FwpQ;rp epykf;fs; kiyfspy; fpilf;Fk; goq;fs;> Njd;> fpoq;F tiffs;> %q;fpy; ney;> kiyney; ,tw;NwhL tpyq;FfisAk; Ntl;ilahb cz;ldu;. mJ Nghd;Nw gpwepyq;fspYk; fhdfq;fspy; tpisAk; jpid> tuF> uhfp>  fpoq;Ffs;> kpsF> fPiufs;> gaWtiffs;> gyh> thio Nghd;wtw;NwhL fhl;Lg;gd;wp> kPd;> ez;L>   rpWtpyq;Ffshd cLk;G> fPup> Kay;> fhil> fhl;L mzpy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; czthff;nfhz;ldu;. ,tu; jk; czTg; nghUl;fspy; tpyq;Ffs;> Nfhop Nghd;w gwitfspd; ,iwr;rp Kf;fpa czthf mike;jpUe;jJ. ,iwr;rpNahL  fs;Sk; md;whl cztpy; ,lk; ngw;wNjhL midj;J epfo;TfspYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wpUe;jijAk; rq;fg;ghly;fs; gjpT nra;fpd;wd.

jpiz rhu;e;j czTfs;

kiyAk; kiyrhu;e;j epykhfpa FwpQ;rpapy; Ntl;ilapd; %yk; ngWk; tpyq;Ffspd; ,iwr;rpNahL kiyapy; tpisAk; fpoq;Ffs;> Njd;> fPiu tiffs;> %q;fpy; ney;> gyh> thio Nghd;wit czthf mike;jd.

“Njdpdu; fpoq;fpdu; Cd;Mu; tl;bau;

rpWfl;gd;wpg; gOJsp Nghf;fp” 3                   

vdtUk; kiygLflhk; ghlybfs; FwpQ;rp epyj;jtupd; czT tiffshd Njd;> fpoq;F> khkprk; Nghd;wtw;iwr; Rl;Ltjhf mike;Js;sJ.                      

‘ek; gilg;igj;Njd; kaq;FghypDk;’ 4

vdtUk; ghlyb Njd; Kf;fpa czTg; nghUshf ,Ue;jijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Njdpidg; ghNyhL kl;Lkpd;wp fpoq;FkhT> jpidkhT> fPiug;nghwp Nghd;wtw;Wld; fye;J ,dpg;Gr;Rit nfhz;l czTg; gz;lq;fisr; nra;jdu;. Njd; xU rpwe;j kUe;Jg; nghUshfTk; tpsq;fpaJ.

cLk;G> Kay; ,tw;wpd; khkprj;NjhL kiof;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; <aYk; czTg; nghUshf rq;ffhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUe;jij ew;wpiz Ky;iyj; jpizg; ghly; gpd;tUkhW gjpT nra;fpd;wJ.

“cLk;G nfhyP, tupEzy; mfo;e;J

neLq;Nfhl;Lg; Gw;wj;J <ay; nfz;b

vy;Y Kay; vwpe;j Ntl;Ltd; Rty

gy;NtW gz;lj; njhil kwe;J ,y;yj;J

,Ukilf;fs;spd; ,d;fsp nrUf;Fk;

td;Gyf; fhL ehl;lJNt” 5.

khkpr czNthL fha;fwpfs;> gyh> thio ,tw;NwhL fhTj;jk;> Nrk;G> ts;sp Nghd;w fpoq;FtiffSk; fPiu tiffSk; njd;idapd; fha; kw;Wk; ,sePu; Nghd;witAk; rq;fj;jkpoupd; czTg; nghUl;fspy; Kf;fpa ,lk; gpbj;jpUe;jd. midtUf;Fk; cztspf;Fk;> nghUsh jhuj;jpy; cau;e;j  epiyapy; tho;e;j kUjepy kf;fs; njd;idapd; thba klyhy; Ntag;gl;l jk;  ,y;yk; ehb tUNthu;f;F jho;e;j FiyfisAila ,dpa Risfs; nfhz;l gyh> njq;fpd; ,sePu;> nts;spa thiog;gok;> gidapd; Eq;F> ,dpa gz;lq;fs; nfhLj;J  tpUe;Njhk;Gk; jd;ikia

“jz;liy cotu;jdpkidr; Nrg;gpd;

jho;Nfhl; gytpd; R+o;Risg; ngUk;gok;

tPo;,y; jhiof; Fotpj; jPk;ePu;

Fiy Kjpu; thiof;$dp ntz;gok;

jpus; miug; ngz;iz Eq;nfhL gpwTk;

jPk;gy; jhuk; Kidapd; Nrk;gpd;

Kisg;Gw Kjpu;fpoq;F Mu;Ftpu;” 6

vd;W vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whu; fbaY}u; cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhu;. rq;fj;jkpou; tho;tpy; cyf;if nfhz;L ,bj;J nra;ag;gl;l mty; Kf;fpa czTg; nghUshf ,Ue;jikia

GJit Nta;e;j ftpFby; Kd;wpy;

mty; vwp cyf;if ghLtpwe;J may 7

ghrty; ,bj;j fUq;fhy; cyf;if 8  

vd tUk; ghlybfshy; mwpayhk;.    

gz;ilj;jkpou; cztpy; ez;L rpwe;j czTg;nghUshf ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jJ. fly; rhu;e;j nea;jy; epyj;jpy; kl;Lkpd;wp tay; rhu;e;j kUjepyj;jpYk; ez;L rpwe;j czthf tpsq;fpaij>

“mitg;G khz;muprp mkiy ntz;NrhW

fitj;jhs; mytd; RitnahL ngUFtpu;’ 9

vd;w rpWghzhw;Wg;gil ghlybfs; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wd. Gspf;fwp Nru;j;j ney; Nrhw;iwAk; khd; ,iwr;rpiaAk; vapdu; tPLfspy; rikj;jdu;. jk; Fbf;F tUk; midtUf;Fk; vapw;wpau; ,e;j cztpid toq;Fk; jd;ikia>

“vapw;wpau;ml;l ,d;GspntQ;NrhW

NjkhNkdpr; rpy;tis MankhL

Mkhd; R+l;bd; miktu ngWFtPu;” 10

vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,iwr;rp czTfspy; kiof;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; <aYk; rq;f;fhy kf;fSf;F Kf;fpa czthf tpsq;fpaJ. <aiyg; Gsp Nru;j;Jr; rikj;J cz;Zk; gz;ilj;jkpou; tof;fj;ij>

“nrk;Gw;W  <aypd; ,d;dis Gspj;J” 11

vd;W  GwehD}W gjpT nra;fpd;wJ. kPd; nea;jy; epyj;Jg; nghUshjhuj;ij epiy epWj;jpaNjhL mk;kf;fspd; mbg;gil czTg;nghUshfTk; tpsq;fpaij rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; gytplj;Jk; gapd;W tUk; kPd;> J}z;by; Mfpa nrhw;fs; gjpT nra;fpd;wd. ,jid>

Nkhl;L ,Utuy; Nfhl;L kPd; nfhOq;Fiw 12

gpbf;if md;d nrq;fz; tuhmy;

Jbf;fz; md;d  FiwnahL tpiu. 13

vdtUk; ghlybfshy; mwpayhk;. khkprk; cz;gJk; kJ mUe;JtJk; gz;ilj; jkpouhy; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ vd;gij>

cz;Nlhd; jhd; eWq; fs; 14   

vd;W ,dpa fs;is mUe;Jk; jiytd; Rl;lg;gLfpd;whd;. MltUk; kfspUk; fs; mUe;jp Mbg;ghba nra;jpfis gy rq;fg;ghf;fs; gjpT nra;fpd;wd. NkYk; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; kJtpd; gy tiffs; Rl;lg;gLfpd;wd. kl;L> kJ> ewT> Njwy;> fs; vd;W gy ngau;fshy; kJ Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kJ rq;f fhyj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jk; czthfNt nfhs;sg;gl;lJ vd;gij>

Fwp ,iwf; Fuk;igf; Fwtu; khf;fs;

thq;F mikg; gOdpa Njwy; kfpo;e;J

Ntq;if Kd;wpy; Fuit maUk; 15

Vw;Wf ciyNa Mf;Ff NrhNw

fs;Sk; Fiwgly; Xk;Gf 16

vd;W tUk; ghlybfshy; czuyhk;.

tpUe;Njhk;gy;

rq;fj;jkpoupd; czT rhu;e;j ntspg;ghLfs; gyTk; tpUe;Njhk;gypd; top rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd vdyhk;. ‘vj;jpirr; nrypDk; mj;jpirr; NrhNw’ vd;Dk; xsitahu; thf;fpw;F Vw;g topg; Nghf;fu;fisAk; tpUe;jpdu;fshf Vw;Wf;nfhz;L tpUe;Njhk; gpatu;fs; gz;ilaj;jkpou;. tpUe;jpdiuj; jk;kpypUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhzhky; jkf;Fupa cztpidg; gfpu;e;J nfhz;l ,tu;fs; tpUe;jpdu;fSf;F vd jdpj;j czTfisAk; rikj;J kfpo;NthL mspj;jdu;.

my;ypyhapDk; tpUe;J tupd; ctf;Fk;

Ky;iyrhd;w fw;gpd; nky;ypay; 17    

vd;W rq;ffhyj; jiytpapd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;gpidr; rpwg;gpf;fpd;wJ ew;wpiz. tUk; tpUe;jpdu;fSf;Fj; jil ,y;yhky; cztspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gz;ilj; jkpou; nfhs;if vd;gijg; gpd;tUk; ghly; mbfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd.

tUeu; tiuahu; thu Ntz;b

tpUe;Jfz; khwhJ czP,a ghrtu;

Cdj;jopj;j thy;epzf; nfhOq; Fiw

Fa;apLNjhWk; MdhJ Mu;g;g 18      

vd;W tpUe;jpdu; cz;L kfpOkhW czT rikj;jiy vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ gjpw;Wg;gj;J. NkYk; tpUe;jpdu;f;F vdr; rikf;Fk; nrayhdJ me;jzu; jk; Nts;tpf;F xg;ghdJ vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpd;wJ ,t;tpyf;fpak;. ,jid>

eLtz; vOe;j mL nea; MTjp 19

vd tUk; ghlybahy; czuyhk;. gz;ilj; jkpoupd; Itif epyq;fspYk; tUk; tpUe;jpdiu jhk; cz;Zk; cztpidf; nfhLj;J cgrupf;Fk; ghd;ikia rq;f ,yf;fpak; gythW gjpT nra;fpd;wJ.

kiyfspy; thOk; Fwtu;fs; tUk; tpUe;jpdu;fis kfpo;Tld; tuNtw;W jhk; rikj;j khkprj;ijAk; jpidauprpr; Nrhw;iwAk; toq;Ftu;. gy ehs; cwTilatu; Nghd;W Gjpatu;fisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tu; vd;gij gpd;tUk;>

“Ek;,y; Nghy NfshJ nfoP,

Nrl; Gyk;G mfy ,dpa $wp

g&cf;Fiw nghope;j nea;f;fz;  NtitnahL

F&cf;fz; ,wbg; nghk;ky;  ngWFtPu;” 20

vd;W kiy kf;fspd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;gpidg; Nghw;Wfpd;wJ kiygLflhk; NkYk; jhk; cz;Zk; cztpid vt;tpjj; jaf;fKkpd;wp tUk; tpUe;jpdu;f;F cgrupj;J kfpOk; ,tu;fs; gz;gpid>

“nrt;tP Ntq;if G+tpd; md;d

Nta;nfhs; muprp kpjit nrhupe;j

Rty;tpis ney;ypd; mtiu mk;Gspq;$o;

mw;F ,il coe;jEk; tUj;jk; tPl

mfYs; Mq;fz; fopkpile;J ,aw;wpa

Gy;Nta; Fuk;igf; FbnjhWk; ngWFtPu;” 21

vdtUk; ghlybfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd.

KbTiu

kdpjdpd; mbg;gilj; Njitfspy; xd;whd czTk; czTg;gz;ghLk; fhyk;NjhWk; rpw;rpy khw;wq;fNshL epiy ngWfpd;wJ. kf;fspd; czT tof;fk; mtu;fs; thOk; epyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mikfpd;wJ. cz;Zk; cztpidg; gfpu;e;jspf;Fk; jkpoupd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;G cyfpw;Nf vLj;Jf;fhl;lha; mike;jJ. cz;gJ ehop czT vd;w NghJk; NrhWthf;fpa ngUq;fQ;rp MW Nghyg; ngUFk; mstpw;F gpwu;f;F cztspj;J kfpo;e;jtu;fs; rq;f fhy kf;fs;. kd;du;fs; Nghupy; ngw;w nry;tq;fis vy;yhk; tPuu;fSf;Fk; Gytu; fSf;Fk; thup toq;fpaNjhL ngUQ;NrhWk; gilj;J kfpo;e;jijg; Nghd;W kf;fSk; ,ay;ghfNt jk;kplk; ,Uf;Fk; cz tpidf; nfhLj;J Gjpatu;fisg; NgZk; ew;gz;gpid ngw;W tpsq;fpdu;. gFj;Jz;L gy;Yapu; Xk;gpa gz;ilaj; jkpoupd; czT gof;ftof;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tpUe;Njhk;Gk; gz;Gfs; Mfpatw;iw Nkw;fz;l ,yf;fpag; gjpTfs; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. 

mbf;Fwpg;G

1.jd;Q;nrad;>r. rq;f ,yf;fpaKk; gz;ghl;Lr; R+oypaYk;> epa+ nrQ;Rtup Gf; `T];> (gp.ypl;)> nrd;id> 2010> g.10.

2.r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad;> rq;f ,yf;fpak; gj;Jg;ghl;L> kiygLflhk;> nka;ag;gd; gjpg;gfk;> rpjk;guk;> 2009> g.5.

3.kiygLflhk;> 154-155.

4.Iq;FWE}W ghly;> 203.

5.ew;wpiz ghly;> 59.

6.ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil> 356-362.

7.ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil> 225-226.

8.FWe;njhif ghly;> 238.

9.rpWghzhw;Wg;gil> 194-195.

10.NkyJ> 175-177.

11.GwehD}W ghly;> 169.

12.NkyJ> 399:5.

13.kiygLflhk;> 457-458.

14.NkyJ> 34.

15.NkyJ> 129.

16.NkyJ> 172.

17.ew;wpiz> 142.

18.gjpw;Wg;gj;J> 2>1.

19.NkyJ>

20.kiygLflhk;> 168-169.

21.NkyJ> 434-439.

22.NkyJ> 425-426.

23.Myp];>m> gjpw;Wg;gj;J %yKk; ciuAk;> epa+ nrQ;Rtup Gf; `T];> (gp.ypl;)> nrd;id> 2017.

24.ehfu[d;.>tp.> rq;f ,yf;fpak; gj;Jg;ghl;L -2> epa+ nrQ;Rtup Gf; `T];> (gp.ypl;)> nrd;id> 2017.

25.ghy Rg;gpukzpad;>F.>Nt.> ew;wpiz %yKk; ciuAk;> epa+ nrQ;Rtup Gf; `T];> (gp.ypl;)> nrd;id> 2007.

To cite this article

Muthulakshmi, G. (2021). rq;fj;jkpoupd; czTk; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;ghLk;. Sparkling International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Studies, 4(2), 25-30.